Seasoned journalist, gender practitioner and human rights activist Ms Pamela Dube from Botswana has called on media practitioners in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to raise awareness on the impact of Gender-Based Violence in the SADC Region.

Dube was speaking during a virtual consultative session to familiarise the media on the SADC Model Law on Gender-Based Violence, convened by the SADC Parliamentary Forum (SADC PF) on 6 August 2021.

She said the media had a strategic and important potential to contribute to the prevention and elimination of GBV in the SADC region. “I wish to call on you to raise awareness on the impact of GBV in the SADC Region. Raise awareness on the role of the Model Law on GBV in the prevention of GBV and raise awareness on the stakeholder consultation process,” she said.

She challenged the media practitioners to support the implementation process. She compared the stigma suffered by GBV survivors to what families of those affected by AIDS had experienced in the past.

“At the highest point of HIV and AIDS, there was a lot of denial around our communities until we started seeing people coming forward. Once we saw the face and people could identify with the problem, stigma could be dealt with. We are faced with the same scourge right now which is at the homes, the offices and on the streets. Until we step to the plate and be able to give face to this and be able to speak to the heart of the problem, very little can be achieved,” Dube warned.

In addition, she urged the media workers to seriously ponder the role they wished to play toward GBV eradication and pointed out that while laws could be made, it was important for media practitioners and citizens to understand them.

“Laws can be made, our leadership can rise to the occasion, but if we are not in the forefront of giving information and disseminating, then very little, if anything will be achieved,” she said.

According to Dube, the SADC region faces different challenges in relation to GBV. High on that list are inadequate national laws, inadequate national frameworks and inadequate gender-disaggregated statistics, as well as outdated laws.

“It is against this background and in response to calls from various stakeholders to meet the goal of eliminating GBV by 2030, that the SADC PF commissioned the development of a Model Law on GBV that will be used to address, prevent and combat all forms of GBV,” she explained.

She underscored that GBV impedes efforts to achieve national, regional, continental and global development goals. GBV not only has terrible effects on survivors, but it also impacts negatively on society at large with serious socio- economic consequences.

“It raises enormous public health problems which are often overlooked. Survivors and victims of GBV are at high risk of severe and long-lasting health problems such as death from injuries or suicide, poor mental health, chronic pain, deafness, unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and or AIDS,” she said.

While 13 SADC countries had laws on domestic violence and 14 on sexual assault, there was still evidence of GBV being most commonly perpetrated by “husbands or intimate partners” at global and regional levels. Moreover, Dube pointed out that COVID-19 had exacerbated the situation.

Speaking during the same event, Zimbabwean journalist Joseph Munda concurred with Dube and said: “It (GBV) is a key issue that has been going on and increasing with COVID-19 and there are a lot of dynamics around it.”

He, however, lamented challenges that journalists face and called for more information around good practices and some of the laws implemented by other SADC Member States. Munda felt that if information around effective laws was shared, it would make brainstorming for possible solutions to end GBVeasier.

“These are some of the key challenges that we have. Most of us are now working virtually and getting information can prove difficult at times. As a region, the information sharing itself and the learning process is very important for us journalists to be able to gather and disseminate information,” he noted.

Munda also stressed the lack of support structures to be able to get stories done, specifically due to a limitation of resources, which in turn shifts attention toward political and other stories.

Basadi Tamplin raised issues of strengthening cyber-security due to multiple instances that have seen a correlation between GBV and cyber-crimes. “Everyone has access to the internet and we all use internet to 24/7. There are alarming rates of

Welcome to SADC Scrutinizer, a new and special newsletter of the SADC Parliamentary Forum focusing on the development and implementation of model laws by our Forum.

Following a very progressive motion tabled by our Regional Women’s Parliamentary Forum (RWPC) in Maputo, Mozambique in 2018 and unanimously adopted by the 44th Plenary Assembly Session of our Forum, our Secretariat, under the capable leadership of our Secretary General, Ms. Boemo Sekgoma, hit the ground running and began the process of developing a SADC Model Law on Gender Based Violence (GBV).

This is a timely intervention given the frightening levels of GBV and Sexual GBV affecting many of our member states and other countries all over the world.

The Model Law on GBV comes at a time when, all over the world, there are increasing calls to prioritise support for women and girls who bear the brunt of GBV; comprehensively respond to online abuse; increase funding to girls’ education; end violence against women and girls; prioritise women and girls when responding to crises like the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic; place vulnerable and marginalised groups at the centre of programing as we move to strengthen democracy; and deepen and broaden sustainable development.

The many consultations held with various stakeholders to consider the draft of this Model Law on GBV provided a valuable opportunity for like-minded people and organisations to compare notes on strategies to end GBV.

Additionally, the consultations enabled Member States to showcase the amazing work that they are doing in their respective jurisdictions to respond to GBV as captured in this edition.

I am incredibly proud of all those who worked so hard to develop this regional soft law which many expect will go a long way in helping Member States develop or refine laws and policies related to GBV.

We are under no illusion that this Model Law on GBV will be a panacea to GBV. Nevertheless, we are convinced that it will go a long way in supporting Member States as they work towards removing barriers, bias, stereotypes, inequality and discrimination that continue to thwart a significant portion of our population, especially women and girls.

Beyond the development of this Model Law, we need to continue working together to ensure that all people have equal access to opportunities so that they can thrive.

As reported elsewhere in this edition, the COVID-19 global pandemic has exacerbated existing challenges. There is, therefore, need for affirmative efforts to bring everyone on board. Developing this Model Law and the many consultations that were held, have enabled us to pause and reflect on the extent, drivers and impact of GBV in our Member States.

The heart-rending reports of GBV in some of our Member States have emboldened us to double our efforts towards ending this embarrassing scourge. Indeed, we cannot develop our communities if we leave some of our compatriots behind. We need to join hands in ensuring that the rights of women and other members of our population do not get rolled back and to ensure that perpetrators of GBV, in all its forms, are held to account.

This requires all hands on board and we expect the media to be the arrowhead in breaking the conspiracy of silence on GBV. Indeed, our media in their various formations, have an obligation to amplify the voices of women and girls who bear the brunt of GBV as well as the voices of those working towards making a difference in the fight against GBV.

Allow me to end by once again commending and saluting all organisations and individuals that

joined and supported us in this gallant effort. This is your Model Law. Use it.

Caros colegas/parceiros, É com enorme prazer que endereço a presente Mensagem aos distintos Parlamentos e Parceiros do Fórum, por ocasião do Dia Internacional do Parlamentarismo, a ser celebrado neste dia 30 de Junho de 2022.

Neste dia enobrecedor, o Fórum celebra o parlamentarismo em todas as suas manifestações, inclusive através dos parlamentos nacionais, regionais ou locais da África Austral. Há o reconhecimento de que o parlamentarismo é, a todos os níveis, a personificação de uma democracia funcional, fundamentada no Estado de direito e no respeito pelos direitos humanos. Um parlamento eleito por via de eleições regulares, livres e justas é o garante de poderes moderadores consentâneo com a noção sacrossanta de separação de poderes. O Fórum Parlamentar da SADC reconhece ainda que o parlamentarismo é uma forma eficaz de diálogo público e presta assim homenagem aos esforços graciosos empreendidos pelos seus parceiros em todo o mundo, tais como a União Interparlamentar, que se centraram no tema crucial de diálogo público para a celebração do parlamentarismo em 2022.

Embora o mundo esteja a recuperar a pouco e pouco da pandemia e continue a enfrentar outros desafios de índole sanitária e económica, os Parlamentos continuam a assumir o papel dominante na acção de reformas. Na qualidade de instituição edificadora da paz, os Parlamentos constituem o fórum adequado para a resolução de conflitos por meio de iniciativas representativas, de fiscalização e legislativas lideradas com o beneplácito do povo. O dinamismo e a pró-actividade parlamentares podem, portanto, dar um valiosíssimo contributo para garantir a neutralização de conflitos e soluções duradouras para a paz pela via da liderança e do diálogo. De igual modo, o diálogo público coerente continua a ser o ingrediente necessário para uma democracia participativa.

Nestes termos, o Fórum continua comprometido com a concretização do Objectivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 16 relativo a instituições responsáveis, eficazes e inclusivas para a paz, um desiderato que reitera o compromisso de reforço da capacidade dos Parlamentos, tal como consagra a Carta Africana sobre Democracia, Eleições e Governação. Enquanto a África conduz o seu processo rumo a uma paz duradoura, o Fórum continuará a apoiar os Parlamentos a alcançar este nobre objectivo.

Viva os Parlamentos! Cordiais saudações,

Boemo M. Sekgoma

Secretária-Geral do Fórum Parlamentar da SADC

30 de Junho de 2022

MENSAGEM ENDEREÇADA POR S. EX.ª A SECRETÁRIA-GERAL DO FÓRUM PARLAMENTAR DA SADC POR OCASIÃO DO DIA INTERNACIONAL DO PARLAMENTARISMO A SER CELEBRADO A 30 DE JUNHO DE 2022

REUNIÃO CONJUNTA DA COMISSÃO PERMANENTE DE ALIMENTAÇÃO, AGRICULTURA E RECURSOS NATURAIS (FANR) COM A COMISSÃO PERMANENTE DE COMÉRCIO, INDÚSTRIA, FINANÇAS E INVESTIMENTO (TIFI) PELA EXPANSÃO DO INVESTIMENTO NA AGROECOLOGIA NA ÁFRICA AUSTRAL PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E A ADAPTAÇÃO AO CLIMA DOMINGO, 1 DE MAIO DE 2022 NO HOTEL ..., EM JOANESBURGO, ÁFRICA DO SUL, NO ÂMBITO DA 51.ª ASSEMBLEIA PLENÁRIA

AGENDA

DOCUMENTO DE SÍNTESE DA REUNIÃO CONJUNTA DA COMISSÃO PERMANENTE DE ALIMENTAÇÃO, AGRICULTURA E RECURSOS NATURAIS COM A COMISSÃO PERMANENTE DE COMÉRCIO, INDÚSTRIA, FINANÇAS E INVESTIMENTO

LEMA: «PELA EXPANSÃO DO INVESTIMENTO NA AGROECOLOGIA NA ÁFRICA AUSTRAL PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E A ADAPTAÇÃO AO CLIMA»

 DOMINGO, 1 DE MAIO DE 2022

• ENQUADRAMENTO E DADOS DE REFERÊNCIA

Os efeitos das alterações climáticas – secas, cheias e pragas persistentes – agravados pelos desafios económicos, a pobreza, os conflitos, as disparidades de género e as deficiências de responsabilidade social têm todos contribuído para a crise da segurança alimentar na região da SADC. A pandemia de COVID-19 reduziu as receitas e perturbou as cadeias de fornecimento, agudizando ainda mais a pobreza na região. Segundo o Relatório-síntese da SADC sobre o Estado de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e Vulnerabilidade na Região Austral, lançado em Julho de 2021, até 47,6 milhões de pessoas (aproximadamente 13 por cento da população total) na região da SADC estão em situação de insegurança alimentar. Embora muitos Estados membros tenham beneficiado de uma colheita abundante de milho em 2021, as quedas pluviométricas acima da média fizeram-se acompanhar de uma estação de ciclones destrutiva. Nos dez Estados membros da SADC que remeteram dados, uma estimativa de 47,6 milhões de pessoas estão em insegurança alimentar, um aumento de 5,5% a partir de 2020 e 34,3% acima da média quinquenal.^[1]

Os pequenos agricultores, que produzem a maior parte da alimentação da SADC, ficaram afectados pelos efeitos da Covid-19, incluindo receitas domésticas mais baixas, acesso limitado aos insumos (sementes, fertilizantes) e falta de serviços de extensão para combater a ameaça em curso de pragas e doenças. Em particular, a pandemia afectou muitos aspectos das vidas das mulheres pequenas agricultoras, que representam cerca de metade da força de trabalho agrícola na África Subsaariana, do enfraquecimento da sua segurança alimentar e dilapidação das suas poupanças, ao aumento do seu volume de trabalho não remunerado e intensificação do risco de sofrerem violência baseada no género.^[2]

Em 2003, os Estados membros da União Africana assinaram a Declaração de Maputo, que se comprometia a aumentar as alocações orçamentais agrícolas para 10%, tentar atingir um crescimento agrícola de 6% e criar o Programa Abrangente de Desenvolvimento Agrícola em África (CAADP).^[3] Logo depois, os Estados membros da SADC assinaram a Declaração de Dar-es-Salam em 2004, que estabeleceu áreas prioritárias visando o alcance da segurança alimentar, incluindo abordagens a curto prazo tais como o asseguramento do acesso a sementes, fertilizantes e agroquímicos de qualidade.^[4] Seguiram-se outros instrumentos regionais, orientando medidas tanto regionais como nacionais: a Política Agrícola Regional (RAP) em 2013; o Plano Regional de Investimento na Agricultura (RAIP) em 2017–2022; a Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (FNSS) da SADC em 2015-2025; e a Estratégia e Plano de Acção da SADC para as Alterações Climáticas (CCSAP) 2015 – 2030.

Segundo o Centro Africano para a Biodiversidade, no entanto, as práticas que emanam do CAADP, que foram implementadas pelos governos africanos, tais como subsídios aos insumos através dos programas de subsídio aos insumos agrícolas (FISPs) nem sempre tiveram o efeito desejado.^[5]: embora os compromissos internacionais, continentais e regionais (SADC) promovam o apoio aos pequenos agricultores como estratégia-chave visando o alcance da segurança alimentar para as famílias, a formulação de políticas agrícolas na região não tem sabido responder de forma adequada às necessidades dos pequenos agricultores.

Em vez disto, proporções substanciais dos orçamentos nacionais são canalizadas em direcção aos FISP mediante o fornecimento de subsídios que reduzem o preço do fertilizante e da semente (geralmente de milho híbrido). Além de assegurar uma rede de protecção económica parcial, viu-se que os subsídios não beneficiavam directamente os pobres e mais vulneráveis, que são principalmente as mulheres. O que os FISP fazem mesmo é encorajar os pequenos agricultores a canalizarem os escassos recursos para a produção do milho híbrido, reduzindo efectivamente a diversidade dos alimentos disponíveis.^[6] Num relatório global de 2021, a FAO reconhece que o actual apoio agrícola «está inclinada para medidas que são nocivas e insustentáveis para a natureza, o clima, a nutrição e a saúde, ao mesmo tempo que colocam em desvantagem as mulheres e outros pequenos agricultores no sector». A FAO defende que, ao «reajustar o apoio aos produtores agrícolas, os governos podem optimizar os parcos recursos públicos no sentido de apoiar os sistemas de alimentação por forma a torná-los não só eficientes, como também mais apoiantes de vidas saudáveis, uma natureza e um clima igualmente saudáveis. Esta pode também ser uma oportunidade de se atingir uma forte recuperação económica num mundo pós-pandemia de COVID-19.»^[7]

Devido aos efeitos das alterações climáticas que causam secas e cheias em toda a região da SADC, tornou-se ainda mais urgente a necessidade de medidas a longo prazo visando reduzir o impacto de choques climáticos e criar a capacidade das comunidades e dos países de aguentar os referidos choques. A Covid-19 veio salientar ainda mais a necessidade de se apoiar uma alimentação local produzida de maneira sustentável com cadeias de valor mais curtas, para garantir que os países sejam resilientes, mesmo diante de calamidades.

• O potencial papel da agroecologia

O Painel de Alto Nível de Especialistas em Segurança Alimentar e Nutrição (HLPE) na Comissão das Nações Unidas (ONU) para a Segurança Alimentar Mundial (CFS) recentemente definiu a agroecologia nos seguintes termos:

«As abordagens agroecológicas favorecem o uso de processos naturais, limitam o uso de insumos comprados, promovem ciclos fechados com mínimas externalidades negativas e enfatizam a importância do conhecimento local e processos participatórios que desenvolvem o conhecimento e a prática através da experiência, bem como métodos mais convencionais, e corrigem as desigualdades sociais. As abordagens agroecológicas reconhecem que os sistemas agroalimentares se associam a sistemas socioecológicos que se estendem da produção da alimentação até ao consumo e envolvem a ciência, a prática e o movimento social, bem como a sua integração holística, para resolver a situação da [segurança alimentar e nutricional].»^[8]

Entre os benefícios-chave da agroecologia contam-se os seguintes:

• O acesso a uma alimentação saudável, fresca, diversificada e culturalmente apropriada para as populações locais ao longo de todo o ano;
• Redução da pobreza e um contributo-chave para a efectivação do direito a uma alimentação e nutrição adequadas;
• Aumento da resiliência perante as condições climáticas e redução da emissão dos gases com efeito estufa (GEE);
• O empoderamento da mulher e a redução da sobrecarga do volume de trabalho;
• Diversificação dos meios de sustento e valorização do conhecimento e da cultura local, tribal e indígena;
• Melhoria da saúde através da redução da exposição da agroquímicos nocivos;
• Ecossistemas mais resilientes, solos mais saudáveis e melhoria da gestão da água;
• Custos mais reduzidos, menos dívida e maior autonomia;
• Reforço da administração de sementes, culturas, biodiversidade, florestas e recursos naturais.^[9]

A Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO) e o Fundo Internacional para o Desenvolvimento Agrícola (IFAD) têm realçado o papel decisivo da agroecologia no alcance dos Objectivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS).^[10] A FAO reconheceu-a como sendo uma «opção promissora para a implementação do Acordo de Paris», uma vez que lida simultaneamente com a adaptação às mudanças climáticas e a mitigação das mesmas.^[11] Relatórios recentes apresentados pela Plataforma Inter-governamental Ciência-Políticas sobre a Biodiversidade e os Serviços Ambientais (IPBES),^[12] o Painel Inter-governamental sobre o Clima (IPCC) e o HLPE,^[13] todos exortam o apoio aos sistemas agroecológicos para os pequenos agricultores, em vez de sistemas industriais de altos insumos externos, e defendem que aqueles podem ser altamente produtivos, muito sustentáveis, empoderam as mulheres, criam empregos, contratam a juventude, garantem maior autonomia, resiliência climática e múltiplos benefícios sociais, culturais e ambientais para mulheres e homens nas comunidades rurais e urbanas.

Há cada vez mais provas de que os sistemas agroecológicos baseados no campesinato têm vantagens claras sobre a agricultura industrial de altos insumos externos. Embora, historicamente, haja um fosso entre os rendimentos da agricultura convencional (de altos insumos externos) e a agricultura orgânica, este fosso tem muitas vezes sido sobrestimado, sobretudo quando se considera: a) o forte desempenho dos sistemas de agricultura agroecológica altamente desenvolvidos; b) que a agroecologia produz altos rendimentos (sobretudo ao longo do tempo) duma variedade de culturas, ao mesmo tempo que gera também benefícios sociais e ambientais adicionais. Um número crescente de pesquisas mostra que, quando convenientemente apoiada e nas condições económicas acertadas, a agroecologia pode superar o empenho dos sistemas de produção agrícola, sobretudo em áreas de sequeiro, mas também em muitos outros contextos, por exemplo^[14] uma recente meta-análise verificou que a agricultura alternativa aumentou os rendimentos em 61% dos estudos em comparação com a agricultura convencional, 20 por cento não tendo apresentado nenhuma diferença.^[15] Além disso, as práticas de diversificação usadas em práticas agroecológicas podem reduzir ou eliminar qualquer deficiência de rendimento entre a agricultura orgânica e a convencional.^[16]

Apesar da urgência e das evidentes vantagens da adopção de abordagens agroecológicas para a transformação dos sistemas de alimentação, a qualidade e a quantidade do financiamento da pesquisa e desenvolvimento agrícola e segurança alimentar são manifestamente insuficientes. A nível global, existe uma deficiência de financiamento para sistemas alimentares sustentáveis, e muito pouco do mesmo é alocado aos pequenos agricultores. Além disso, quase todo aquele financiamento é canalizado ao encorajamento dos agricultores a adoptarem formas prejudiciais de agricultura industrial de alta energia e altos insumos. As abordagens agroecológicas são claramente marginalizadas junto das fontes de financiamento existentes, e quando são apoiadas, isto muitas vezes acontece de maneira pouco conveniente e até prejudicial.^[17]

Na sua breve instrução de políticas intitulada Agroecologia: Scaling Up, Scaling Out,^[18] a ActionAid identifica barreiras-chave que precisam de ser desafiadas e sete etapas principais requeridas para se alcançar a agroecologia em grande escala: barreiras ideológicas, a orientação internacional do comércio e das exportações, a marginalização das mulhees, as leis monopolísticas sobre sementes, a falta de pesquisa e desenvolvimento agrícola em matéria de agroecologia e a concentração do poder nas mãos das grandes empresas transnacionais do agronegócio (TNC).

3.0 O que o FP-SADC e os parlamentos nacionais podem fazer

Os parlamentos nacionais desempenham um papel importante de fiscalização no sentido de informar e submeter a debate o uso de dotações orçamentais nacionais e contribuições estrangeiras para o desenvolvimento agrícola e a adaptação às alterações climáticas.

Já entre 2018 e 2021, os membros da Comissão Permanente de Agricultura do FP-SADC (FANR) analisaram e interviram em questões ligadas ao impacto das alterações climáticas sobre a agricultura e a segurança alimentar. Entre as intervenções contam-se as seguintes:

• A proposta de um projecto de resolução na Assembleia Plenária do FP-SADC em Dezembro de 2018 que exortava os Estados membros da SADC a acelerarem a implementação da Declaração de Malabo, com uma atenção especial na melhoria da responsabilidade social nos serviços agrícolas para os pequenos agricultores.
• A aprovação de resoluções em 2020 e 2021 apelando ao governos e doadores para reforçarem a resiliência por forma a amortecerem os choques climáticos cada vez mais acentuados, e desafiar o modelo industrial intensivo da agricultura sendo actualmente apoiado em toda a região.

Fora da SADC, o Parlamento da América Latina e do Caribe (PARLATINO) está em vias de elaborar uma Lei Modelo sobre a Agroecologia, apoiando-se nas recentemente elaboradas linhas de orientação da FAO sobre o desenvolvimento de quadros normativos visando a promoção da agroecologia na região da América Latina e do Caribe.^[19]

• Objectivos da reunião conjunta da comissões permanentes de FANR e TIFI

A reunião das comissões permanentes de FANR e TIFI vai especificamente procurar atingir os seguintes objectivos:

• Fazer o balanço dos indícios sobre o potencial das abordagens agroecológicas com vista a assegurar um desenvolvimento agrícola sustentável e produtivo na região da África Austral.
• Avaliar o nível de investimento nacional e regional na SADC sobre as abordagens agroecológicas e as potenciais oportunidades de aumentar este investimento.
• Reflectir sobre as intervenções dos parlamentos nacionais e do FP-SADC que poderiam contribuir para a expansão o investimento na agroecologia na região da SADC.

• Paticipantes e palestrantes

A sessão vai beneficiar dos conhecimentos especializados de prelectores da ActionAid, do Fórum dos Pequenos Agricultores da África Oriental e Austral, da Organização das Nações Unidas para a Alimentação e a Agricultura (FAO) e do Centro para a Coordenação da Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Agrícola na África Austral (CCARDESA). Serão apresentadas comunicações por um painel de prelectores experientes, seguidas de uma sessão interactiva com a tónica nas possíveis intervenções de políticas que podem ser feitas pelo FP-SADC e pelos parlamentos nacionais.

 PT - Concept Note for FANR and TIFI Meeting

^[1] Relatório-síntese da SADC sobre o estado da segurança alimentar e nutricional e vulnerabilidade na África Austral https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Synthesis-Report-2021_English.pdf

^[2] FAO SOFA Team & Cheryl Doss, (2011). The Role of Women in Agriculture’ ESA Working Paper No. 11-02, FAO. http://www.fao.org/sustainable-food-value-chains/library/details/en/c/265584/; FAO, (2011), 2010-2011 The State of Food and Agriculture. Mulheres na Agricultura: Colmatar o fosso de género para o desenvolvimento.  http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/2010-11/en/; ActionAid, (2020), Covid-19 Food Crisis: Pesquisa de monitoramento.  https://actionaid.org/publications/2020/covid-19-food-crisis-monitoring-research

^[3] Para a Declaração de Maputo, consultar: https://bit.ly/2PQ4EhX

^[4] Para a Declaração de Dar-es-Salam, consultar: https://bit.ly/2EzVRPc

^[5] Centro Africano para a Biodiversidade (2016). Programas de Subsídio aos Insumos Agrícolas (FISPs): Benefício para, ou Traição dos Pequenos Agricultores da SADC? https://www.acbio.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Input-Subsidies-Report-ACBio.pdf

^[6] Centro Africano para a Biodiversidade (2016). Ibid; Aliança PSA (2019) Breve instrução de política do PSA sobre a Responsabilidade Social

dos FISP no Malawi, em Moçambique, na Tanzânia e na Zâmbia. http://www.copsam.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/SAfAIDS_PSA_PolicyBrief_FISPs_FINAL.pdf

^[7] FAO, PNUD e UNEP (2021), =;/ https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6562en

^[8] HLPE (2019), Abordagens agroecológicas e outras abordagens inovadoras para a agricultura sustentável e sistemas de alimentação que aumentam a segurança alimentar e a nutrição. Um relatório do Painel de Alto Nível de Especialistas em Segurança Alimentar e Nutrição da Comissão para a Segurança Alimentar Mundial, Roma. http://www.fao.org/3/ca5602en/ca5602en.pdf

^[9]ActionAid International (2018), Agroecologia: Scaling Up, Scaling Out. https://actionaid.org/publications/2018/agroecology-scaling-scaling-out.

^[10] IFAD (Dezembro de 2019), Como a agroecologia pode responder a um clima em mutação e beneficiar os agricultores. https://www.ifad.org/en/web/latest/story/asset/41485825 ; FAO (2018), O trabalho da FAO em matéria de agroecologia: uma via de transição para os ODS. http://www.fao.org/3/I9021EN/i9021en.pdf

^[11] FAO (2018). ibid.

^[12] IPBES (2019), Resumo para os formuladores de políticas do relatório de avaliação global sobre a biodiversidade e os serviços ambientais da Plataforma Inter-governamental Ciência-Políticas sobre Biodiversidade e Serviços Ambientais. https://www.ipbes.net/system/tdf/ipbes_7_10_add.1_en_1.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=35329.

^[13] HLPE (2019).

^[14] ActionAid (2021 – a ser publicado), Movimentar o Financiamento à Agroecologia para as Pessoas, o Clima e a Natureza. Escrito por Colin Anderson e Janneke Bruil; Pretty, J. N., Morison, J.I.L., Hine, R. E.  (2003), Reduzir a pobreza alimentar através do aumento da sustentabilidade agrícola nos países em desenvolvimento. Agricultura, Ecossistemas & Ambiente 95, 217-234. 10.1016/s0167-8809(02)00087-7; Ponisio, L.C., M’Gonigle, L.K., Mace, K.C., Palomino, J., de Valpine, P., Kremen, C. (2015). As práticas de diversificação reduzem o fosso de rendimento entre o orgânico e o convencional. Proc Biol Sci 282, 20141396. 10.1098/rspb.2014.1396.

^[15] Alonso-Fradejas, A., Forero, L.F., Ortega-Espès, D., Drago, M.n., Chandrasekaran, K. (2020), Junk Agroecology. TNI, Friends of the Earth International, Crovevia. https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/38_foei_junk_agroecology_full_report_eng_lr_0.pdf

^[16] Ponisio (2015).

^[17] CIDSE (2021) Breve instrução de políticas – Movimentar dinheiro para a agroecologia: Transformar a ajuda ao desenvolvimento no sentido de apoiar a agroecologia. https://www.cidse.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EN-Making-money-move-for-agroecology.pdf

^[18] ActionAid (2018).

^[19] FAO (2021), Legislação visando promover a agroecologia na região da América Latina e do Caribe. https://www.fao.org/agroecology/database/detail/en/c/1438599/

AGENDA

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Programme- Joint Meeting FANR and TIFI

• Background

The effects of climate change - persistent drought, flooding and pests – compounded by economic challenges, poverty, conflict, gender disparities, and gaps in social accountability, have all contributed to the SADC region’s food security crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic has reduced incomes and disrupted supply chains, further exacerbating poverty in the region. According to the SADC Synthesis Report on the State of Food and Nutrition Security and Vulnerability in the Southern Region, released in July 2021, up to 47.6 million people (approx. 13% of total population) in the SADC region are food insecure. While many Member States experienced a bumper maize harvest in 2021, the above-average rainfall was coupled with a destructive cyclone season. In the ten SADC Member States that submitted data, an estimated 47.6 million people are food insecure, a 5.5% increase from 2020 and 34.3% above the 5-year average.^[1]

Smallholder farmers, who produce most of SADC’s food, have been impacted by the effects of Covid-19, including lower household incomes, limited access to inputs (seeds, fertilisers) and lack of extension services to combat the ongoing threat of pests and diseases. In particular, the pandemic has affected multiple aspects of the lives of women smallholder farmers, who supply about 50% of total agricultural labour in Sub-Saharan Africa, from undermining their food security and eroding their savings, to increasing their unpaid care workload and heightening their risk of gender-based violence.^[2]

In 2003, African Union (AU) member states signed the Maputo Declaration, which committed to increasing agricultural budget allocations to 10%, pursuing agricultural growth of 6%, and to setting up the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP).^[3] Soon after, SADC member states signed the Dar-es-Salaam Declaration in 2004, which established priority areas for achieving food security, including short-term approaches such as ensuring access to quality seeds, fertilisers, and agrochemicals.^[4] Additional regional instruments followed, guiding both regional and national actions: Regional Agricultural Policy (RAP) 2013; Regional Agricultural Investment Plan (RAIP) 2017-2022; SADC Food and Nutrition Security Strategy (FNSS) 2015-2025; and SADC Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (CCSAP) and Strategy, 2015 – 2030.

According to the African Centre for Biodiversity, however, practices that emanate from CAADP which have been implemented by African governments, such as input subsidies through farm input subsidy programmes (FISPs), have not always had the desired effect.^[5] While international, continental and regional (SADC) commitments promote support for smallholder farmers as a key strategy for achieving household food security, agricultural policy making in the region has failed to adequately respond to the needs of smallholder farmers.

Instead, large portions of national budgets are directed towards FISPs by providing subsidies that reduce the price of fertiliser and seed (usually hybrid maize). Aside from providing a partial economic safety net, the subsidies have been found to not directly benefit the poor and most vulnerable, who are mostly women. Instead, the FISPs have led smallholder farmers to direct scarce resources towards hybrid maize production, effectively reducing the diversity of food available.^[6] In a 2021 global report, the FAO acknowledges that current agricultural support “is biased towards measures that are harmful and unsustainable for nature, climate, nutrition and health, while disadvantaging women and other smallholder farmers in the sector.” FAO advocates that by “repurposing agricultural producer support, governments can optimize scarce public resources to support food systems in ways that make them not only more efficient, but also more supportive of healthy lives, nature and climate. This can also be an opportunity to achieve a strong economic recovery in a post-COVID-19 pandemic world.”^[7]

With the effects of climate change causing droughts and flooding throughout the SADC region, the need for long-term measures to reduce the impact of climate shocks and build the capacity of communities and countries to withstand them have become even more urgent. Covid-19 has further highlighted the need to support local, sustainably produced food with shorter value chains to ensure countries are resilient, even in the face of disasters.

• The Potential Role of Agroecology

The High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) in the United Nations (UN) Committee on World Food Security (CFS) recently defined agroecology as follows:

“Agroecological approaches favour the use of natural processes, limit the use of purchased inputs, promote closed cycles with minimal negative externalities and stress the importance of local knowledge and participatory processes that develop knowledge and practice through experience, as well as more conventional scientific methods, and address social inequalities. Agroecological approaches recognize that agri-food systems are coupled social–ecological systems from food production to consumption and involve science, practice and a social movement, as well as their holistic integration, to address [food and nutritional security].”^[8]

Among the key benefits of agroecology, include:

• Year-round access to healthy, fresh, diverse and culturally-appropriate food for local populations;
• Reduced poverty and a key contribution to the realization of the right to adequate food and nutrition;
• Increased climate resilience and reduced greenhouse gasses (GHG) emission;
• Empowerment of women and reduced workload burden;
• Diversified livelihoods and valued local, tribal and indigenous knowledge and culture;
• Improved health through reduced exposure to harmful agrochemicals;
• More resilient ecosystems, healthier soils and improved water management;
• Lower costs, less debt and greater autonomy;
• Enhanced stewardship of seeds, crops, biodiversity, forests and natural resources.^[9]

The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD) have highlighted the key role for agroecology in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).^[10] The FAO has recognised it as a “promising option to implement the Paris Agreement,” as it addresses climate change adaptation and mitigation simultaneously.^[11] Recent reports by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES),^[12] the Inter Governmental Panel on Climate (IPCC),^[13] and the HLPE,^[14] all urge support for agroecological systems for smallholder farmers, as opposed to high external input industrial systems, and indicate these can be highly productive, highly sustainable, empower women, create jobs, engage youth, provide greater autonomy, climate resilience, and multiple social, cultural and environmental benefits for women and men in rural and urban communities.

Increasingly, evidence is showing that peasant-based agroecological systems have clear advantages over high external input industrial agriculture. While, historically, there has been a gap between the yields of conventional (high-external-input) agriculture and organic farming, this gap has often been overstated, especially when considering: a) the strong performance of highly developed agroecological farming systems; b) that agroecology produces high yields (especially over time) of a variety of crops, while also generating additional social and environmental benefits. A growing body of research indicates that when appropriately supported and in the right economic conditions, agroecology can outperform conventional systems of agricultural production, especially in dryland areas but also in many other contexts, for example^[15] A recent meta-analysis found that alternative agriculture increased yields in 61% of the studies when compared to conventional agriculture, with 20 percent showing no difference.^[16] Additionally, the diversification practices used in agroecological practices can reduce or eliminate any yield gap between organic and conventional agriculture.^[17]

Despite the urgency and clear benefits of adopting agroecological approaches towards the transformation of food systems, the quality and quantity of finance for agricultural research and development, and food security is woefully inadequate. Globally, there is a shortfall in funding for sustainable food systems, and very little of that is allocated to smallholder farmers. Additionally, almost all of that funding is allocated to encouraging farmers to adopt detrimental forms of high-energy, high-input industrial agriculture. Agroecological approaches are clearly marginalised in existing funding streams, and when they are supported it is often done in unhelpful and even damaging ways.^[18]

In its policy brief Agroecology: Scaling Up, Scaling Out,^[19] ActionAid identifies key barriers that need to be challenged and seven key steps required to achieve agroecology at scale: ideological barriers, international trade and export orientation, marginalisation of women, monopoly seed laws, lack of agricultural research and development on agroecology and concentration of power amongst agribusiness trans-national coroporations (TNCs).

3.0    What SADC PF and National Parliaments can do

National parliaments play an important oversight role in informing and interrogating the use of national budgetary allocations and foreign contributions towards agricultural development and climate change adaptation.

Already between 2018 and 2021, SADC PF FANR Standing Committee members have considered and acted on issues related to the impact of climate change on agriculture and food security. Among the actions were:

• Successfully proposing a motion at the SADC PF Plenary Assembly in December 2018 urging SADC Member States to accelerate the implementation of the Malabo Declaration, with a focus on improving social accountability in agricultural services for smallholder farmers.
• Passing resolutions in 2020 and 2021 calling on governments and donors to strengthen resilience to buffer ever-increasing climatic shocks, and to challenge the current intensive industrial model of agriculture being supported across the region.

Outside SADC, the Caribbean to the Latin American and Caribbean Parliament (PARLATINO) is in the process of developing a Model Law on Agroecology, informed by newly developed FAO guidelines on the development of legal frameworks to promote agroecology in the Latin American and Caribbean region.^[20]

• Objectives of the FANR/TIFI Standing Committee Joint Meeting

The FANR/TIFI Standing Committee meeting will specifically seek to achieve the following objectives:

• Review evidence on the potential of agroecological approaches to ensure sustainable and productive agricultural development in the southern African region.
• Assess the level of national and regional investment in SADC on agroecological approaches, and potential opportunities to increase this investment.
• Reflect on national parliament and SADC PF interventions that could contribute towards expanding investment in agroecology in the SADC region.

• Participants and resource persons

The session will draw upon the expertise of resource people from ActionAid, Eastern and Southern Africa Small-Scale Farmers’ Forum, the UN Food and FAO, and the Centre for Coordination of Agricultural Research and Development for Southern Africa (CCARDESA). A panel of experienced resource persons will make presentations, followed by an interactive session focusing on possible policy interventions that could be made by SADC PF and national parliaments.

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Concept Note for FANR and TIFI Meeting

^[1] SADC Synthesis report on the state of food and nutrition security and vulnerability in Southern Africa: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Synthesis-Report-2021_English.pdf

^[2] FAO SOFA Team & Cheryl Doss, (2011). The Role of Women in Agriculture’ ESA Working Paper No. 11-02, FAO. http://www.fao.org/sustainable-food-value-chains/library/details/en/c/265584/; FAO, (2011), 2010-2011 The State of Food and Agriculture. Women in Agriculture: Closing the gender gap for development. http://www.fao.org/publications/sofa/2010-11/en/; ActionAid, (2020), Covid-19 Food Crisis: Monitoring research. https://actionaid.org/publications/2020/covid-19-food-crisis-monitoring-research

^[3] For the Maputo Declaration, see: https://bit.ly/2PQ4EhX

^[4] For Dar-es-Salaam Declaration, see: https://bit.ly/2EzVRPc

^[5] African Centre for Biodiversity (2016). Farm Input Subsidy Programmes (FISPs): A Benefit for, or the Betrayal of, SADC’s Small-Scale Farmers? https://www.acbio.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Input-Subsidies-Report-ACBio.pdf

^[6] African Centre for Biodiversity (2016). Ibid; PSA Alliance (2019) PSA Policy Brief on Social Accountability

of FISPs in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia. http://www.copsam.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/SAfAIDS_PSA_PolicyBrief_FISPs_FINAL.pdf

^[7] FAO, UNDP and UNEP (2021), =;l https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6562en

^[8] HLPE (2019), Agroecological and other innovative approaches for sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition. A report by the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/ca5602en/ca5602en.pdf

^[9] ActionAid International (2018), Agroecology: Scaling up, scaling out. https://actionaid.org/publications/2018/agroecology-scaling-scaling-out.

^[10] IFAD (December 2019), How agroecology can respond to a changing climate and benefit farmers. https://www.ifad.org/en/web/latest/story/asset/41485825 ; FAO (2018), FAO’s work on agroecology: a pathway to the SDGs. http://www.fao.org/3/I9021EN/i9021en.pdf.

^[11] FAO (2018). Ibid.

^[12] IPBES (2019), Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. https://www.ipbes.net/system/tdf/ipbes_7_10_add.1_en_1.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=35329.

^[13] IPCC (2019), IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/08/Fullreport-1.pdf.

^[14] HLPE (2019).

^[15] ActionAid (2021 – to be published), Shifting Funding to Agroecology for People, Climate and Nature. Written by Colin Anderson and Janneke Bruil;  Pretty, J.N., Morison, J.I.L., Hine, R.E. (2003), Reducing food poverty by increasing agricultural sustainability in developing countries. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 95, 217-234. 10.1016/s0167-8809(02)00087-7; Ponisio, L.C., M'Gonigle, L.K., Mace, K.C., Palomino, J., de Valpine, P., Kremen, C. (2015). Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap. Proc Biol Sci 282, 20141396. 10.1098/rspb.2014.1396.

^[16] Alonso-Fradejas, A., Forero, L.F., Ortega-Espès, D., Drago, M.n., Chandrasekaran, K. (2020), Junk Agroecology. TNI, Friends of the Earth International, Crovevia. https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/38_foei_junk_agroecology_full_report_eng_lr_0.pdf

^[17] Ponisio (2015).

^[18] CIDSE (2021) Policy Briefing – Making Money Move for Agroecology: Transforming Development Aid to Support Agroecology. https://www.cidse.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/EN-Making-money-move-for-agroecology.pdf

^[19] ActionAid (2018).

^[20] FAO (2021), Legislation to promote agroecology in the Latin American and Caribbean region. https://www.fao.org/agroecology/database/detail/en/c/1438599/

CLOSING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE SADC PF STANDING COMMITTEE ON TRADE, INDUSTRY, FINANCE AND INVESTMENT,

HON. ANELE NDEBELE, MP AT THE JOINT MEETING OF THE FANR/TIFI STANDING COMMITTEES HELD UNDER THE THEME ‘EXPANDING INVESTMENT IN AGROECOLOGY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION’

JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA

SUNDAY, 1^ST MAY, 2022

Hon Members, distinguished participants,

Good afternoon

I am honoured to address you this afternoon as we come to the close of our session on ‘Expanding Investment in Agroecology in Southern Africa for Sustainable Development and Climate Adaptation.  Let me take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to you, Honourable Members, for sparing time to attend this meeting. I also thank you for applying yourselves fully and actively engaging with the resource persons on the important subject of investment in agriculture. This shows your desire and commitment to acquiring the requisite knowledge and skills to enable you contribute positively towards national and regional food security as well as climate adaptation.

To the Secretary General of the SADC Parliamentary Forum, I commend you for convening this meeting.

Let me also offer special appreciation to our resource persons who were willing to share with us their vast knowledge and experience on the subject under consideration.

Honourable Members,

Having concluded all items on our agenda, I am happy to note that we have now gained a deeper understanding of what agroecology is and some of its advantages as compared to the conventional high input and industrialised agricultural system. I am also pleased that the presenters have not only highlighted the many regional and continental commitments towards the agriculture sector, but also the fact that funding to this sector should be adequate and sustainable. This was especially important for us as it will enable us, going forward, to work in our respective jurisdictions and in the context of our legislative mandate towards addressing the food security concerns in the region and our respective countries.

In view of the above, it is gratifying that this session has also reminded us of the important role that we should play to not only ensure increased budgetary allocation towards agroecology, but also promote private sector investment.

Further, I am particularly happy that during this meeting, we had an opportunity to explore how the draft SADC Model Law on Public Financial Management can be used to promote agroecology in our region. It now remains for each one of us to champion the case as advocates within our domestic jurisdictions for the domestication of the SADC Model Law on Public Financial Management once adopted by the Plenary Assembly.  In this regard, I must pay tribute to the Forum for the initiative of developing the Model Law.  Let us work hard so that the SADC Member States can develop domestic legislation that will enable us promote agroecology, especially through the enhancement of the relevant budgetary allocations.

Having said the above, it is now my singular honour to declare the

joint meeting of the SADC Standing Committee on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources and Trade, Industry, Finance and Investment officially closed.

I thank you

OPENING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE SADC PF STANDING COMMITTEE ON FOOD AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES, HON. ANDREA LEON TUMBA AT THE JOINT MEETING OF THE STANDING COMMITTEES ON FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES; AND TRADE, INDUSTRY, FINANCE AND INVESTMENT HELD UNDER THE THEME ‘EXPANDING INVESTMENT IN AGROECOLOGY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND CLIMATE ADAPTATION.’

JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA

SUNDAY, 1^ST MAY, 2022

SALUTATIONS

• Honourable Members of the SADC PF Standing Committee on Food Agriculture and Natural Resources;
• The Secretary General of the SADC PF, Ms Boemo Sekgoma;
• Ms Julie Middleton, Project Manager, Consortium for Partnership for Social Accountability;
• Staff from the SADC PF Secretariat;
• Our Distinguished Resource Persons;
• Our Distinguished Participants; and
• Ladies and Gentlemen.

Good afternoon Hon Members and Distinguished guests,

I am pleased to welcome you Honourable Members to this Joint Meeting of the SADC PF Standing Committees on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) and Trade, Industry, Finance and Investment (FANR), which is being held under the theme, “Expanding Investment in Agroecology in Southern Africa for Sustainable Development and Climate Adaptation.”

Honourable Members, distinguished participants

Let me begin by stating that agriculture is the cornerstone of human society that provides not only food and nourishment but also employment for millions of people in the SADC region.  However, due to the rapidly evolving threats to food and farming systems as a result of climate shocks, it is becoming extremely difficult to be food secure as a region unless we adopt resilient agriculture processes.  I am sure that Hon Members can agree with me that the field of agroecology has not been given the primacy it deserves in the SADC region despite it being key in building sustainable food systems.  While most SADC Member States do appropriate from their national budgets specific funds towards the agriculture sector, this is not adequate.  Therefore, there is a need in our quest to promote agroecology in our region to make deliberate efforts to promote investments in agriculture in general and in particular in agroecology.

Arising from the foregoing, it is important to engage in discussions that encompass both themes of agriculture and investment.  Hence this meeting today that is bringing together two committees which are both critical to the subject under discussion.

Honourable Members, distinguished participants

You will agree with me that achieving food security in Southern Africa has remained an elusive goal to date. The SADC Synthesis Report on the State of Food and Nutrition Security and Vulnerability in the Southern Region, reports that up to 47.6 million people, approximately 13 percent of the total population, in SADC region are food insecure.

Even without the effects of climate change, our agricultural systems are not meeting the demands of large numbers of people. Climate change and its effects such as persistent droughts, flooding and pests, coupled with economic challenges, poverty and conflict, have exerted more pressure on already stressed food systems, thereby contributing to the food security crisis in the region.

Further, the Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated food insecurity directly and indirectly.  The direct impact is linked to farms and food businesses that had to close down due to the pandemic.  On the other hand, indirect impacts are linked to lockdowns, border closures and restricted transportation and movement imposed by Governments to curb the spread of the pandemic.  Small-scale farmers, who produce most of the SADC region’s food, have been negatively impacted by the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Speaking from a gender perspective, it is also worth noting that with the emergence of the COVID-19, the burden of unpaid care work increased for women and girls. In instances were family members were affected by the virus, women had to refocus their attention to look after the children and provide care for the sick. The time spent on care could have been used on farming activities such as food production or selling of farm produce.

Honourable Members, distinguished participants

Given the foregoing, there is a need to adopt innovative approaches that are climate smart and more resilient to severe shocks such as pandemics.

As you may be aware, as a region, several commitments have been made both at continental and regional levels to enhance agriculture. However, failure to implement these commitments remains a huge hindrance to actualising our agriculture vision. In many countries, agroecology is being proposed as a method of not only promoting food security but also significantly contributing to achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals as well as the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Honourable Members, distinguished participants

While agroecological systems draw on natural synergies and use locally-available resources, transitioning to this model entails some costs at the outset, and requires support. Meanwhile, smallholders, and particularly women, struggle to access the credit they would need to move beyond subsistence farming.  It is, therefore, imperative that investments that are channelled towards agriculture are accompanied by robust mechanisms to prevent any misuse of public resources and reach the intended beneficiaries, especially small-scale farmers.

In this regard, Honourable Members, we have a responsibility, both at national and regional level to ensure that we promote agroecological agricultural systems for sustainable food supply. Through our oversight function, we must interrogate our national budgets and foreign contributions to ensure that they are channeled towards agricultural development and climate change adaption. Further, we should provide effective checks and balances to the executive so that investment towards the sector yields the desired results.

Therefore, I am happy that this Joint meeting has been organised today so that we can interrogate these critical issues.

Honourable Members, distinguished participants

As I conclude, let me take this opportunity to thank our esteemed resource persons who have accepted to engage with us on this subject during our Committee session. I am positive that at the end of the meeting, we will all have a better understanding of agroecology and what we, as parliamentarians, need to do, both at national and regional level to promote agroecology for sustainable food systems. I, therefore, encourage Honourable Members to actively participate and engage our resource persons on these and any related issues in order for this session to be of maximum benefit to us and the SADC region as a whole.

With those few remarks, it is now my honour and privilege to declare this Joint meeting of the Standing Committees on FANR and TIFI officially opened.

I thank you

Opening remarks by the Chairperson of the SADC PF Standing Committee on Food Agriculture and Natural Resources, Hon. Andrea Leon Tumba